Four Characteristic Clinical Manifestations of Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome, depending on the pathology is divided into primary nephrotic syndrome, congenital nephrotic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome secondary to three classes. Clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome has four major characteristics: massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia. Here to introduce specific features of nephrotic syndrome clinical manifestations.

1, proteinuria

Proteinuria albumin is the main component, also contain other plasma protein components. Patients with proteinuria more than 3.5 grams per day may have a lipid urine. Glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria will reduce; severe hypoalbuminemia, increase urinary protein excretion, urinary protein excretion high protein diet will increase.

2, edema

Patients with the most notable symptoms are more severe edema, initial early morning eyelids, face, ankle edema visible, along with the gradual development of the disease, can spread to the whole body edema and pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, mediastinal effusion, scrotum or labia edema, pulmonary edema can occur.

3, hypoalbuminemia

Hypoproteinemia refers serum albumin of less than 30 grams per liter, when the compensatory role of albumin in patients with liver synthesis insufficient to cover the amount of urinary protein loss, hypoalbuminemia appear.

4, hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminemia related to the patient can be presented lipid urine, double refraction of the fat body appears in the urine, which may be epithelial cells containing cholesterol or fat body casts.

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